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T-2
toxin is one of a family of closely related compounds produced by
several Fusarium species. These compounds are derivatives of
a ring system referred to as trichothecenes. There are more than
20 naturally occurring compounds produced by Fusarium
species which contain similar structures, including
diacetoxyscirpenal, nivalenol, diacetylnivalenol, deoxynivalenol
(DON), HT-2 toxin and fusaron X. T-2 toxins and related compounds
have been implicated with a disease known as mouldy corn toxicosis
of swine, symptoms of which include refusal to eat, lack of weight
gain, digestive disorders and diarrhea, ultimately leading to death.
T-2 toxin is quite toxic to rats, trout and calves with oral LD50
values of 3.8, 6.1 and 0.6 mg/kg, respectively. T-2 toxin is also
thought to be one of the toxins involved in the human disease
alimentary toxic aleukia and stachybotryotoxicoses of horses. T-2
toxin is not thought to be carcinogenic. T-2 toxins are often
detected in cereal grains, mainly corn and wheat, and in feed. In
Europe no Maximum Levels are established legally. In the T-2 toxin
EIA-kit of Euro-Diagnostica an antiserum is used that cross-reacts
with T-2 toxin (100%) and acetyl-T-2 toxin (12.7%). The limit of
detection for T-2 toxin was found to be 50
µg/kg
(ppb). |
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